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  <h1 class="h11">33 道家与密宗有关气脉的不同图案</h1>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>中国道家的气脉之说一，由书有明文的庄子“<span class="qiangdiao1">养生主</span>”篇中提出“<span class="qiangdiao1">缘督以为经</span>”与“<span class="qiangdiao1">中于经首之会</span>”的概念开始，就一向被认为“<span class="qiangdiao1">任</span>”“<span class="qiangdiao1">督</span>”二脉为修炼静坐的要点所在。其实，除了以“<span class="qiangdiao1">任</span>”“<span class="qiangdiao1">督</span>”二脉为主脉而外，最要紧的，还是以“<span class="qiangdiao1">奇经八脉</span>”为全部气脉的中心体系。但自上古印度的传统演变而来的西藏“<span class="qiangdiao1">密宗</span>”，它修炼气脉的方法，几乎完全与中国“<span class="qiangdiao1">道家</span>”不同。它是以人体内部的“<span class="qiangdiao1">三脉七轮</span>”为主。所谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">三脉</span>”，便是左右中的三脉；“<span class="qiangdiao1">七轮</span>”，便是由梵穴到会陰（海底）的七个主要部位（如图）。</p><p><img src="https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/uploads/img/220421/1650535032367700.jpg" title="1650535032367700.jpg" alt="11-9.jpg"/></p><p>从“<span class="qiangdiao1">道家</span>”先入为主的修学者，往往对“<span class="qiangdiao1">密宗</span>”之说弃而不顾；驾信“<span class="qiangdiao1">密宗</span>”的修学者，每每视道家为旁门。殊不知“<span class="qiangdiao1">密宗</span>”与瑜伽术的气脉之说，是包括上行气、下行气、中行气、左行气、右行气等五行气和五方佛的作用。魏、晋以前的道家修炼丹道之说，也最注重五行与五色气的重要；所谓前“<span class="qiangdiao1">朱雀</span>”、后“<span class="qiangdiao1">玄武</span>”、左“<span class="qiangdiao1">青龙</span>”、右“<span class="qiangdiao1">白虎</span>”等说法，在人体而言，也便是包括了五行气的暗示。宋、元以后的道家，虽然只以“<span class="qiangdiao1">任</span>”“<span class="qiangdiao1">督</span>”等“<span class="qiangdiao1">奇经八脉</span>”作为方术理论的依据，但对左（青龙）右（白虎）二脉的重视与效用，仍有同等的重视。倘若有人博学、审问、慎思、明辨地汇通了各家的所长，便可知道在静坐的进度中，真正打通“<span class="qiangdiao1">任</span>”“<span class="qiangdiao1">督</span>”二脉以后，自然而然就会发现左右二脉和中脉的重要了。如果没有真正打通左右二脉和中脉。要想进入真正的“<span class="qiangdiao1">禅定</span>”，也就是道家所谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">凝神聚气</span>”和“<span class="qiangdiao1">炼气化神</span>”而进入“<span class="qiangdiao1">天中天</span>”的境界，这是绝对不可能的妄想。换言之，真正打通“<span class="qiangdiao1">任脉</span>”以后，如“<span class="qiangdiao1">密宗</span>”与“<span class="qiangdiao1">瑜伽术</span>”所谓的左右二脉，也便自然畅通回旋而无障碍了，静坐的工夫，必须到此境界，那么才可由技而“<span class="qiangdiao1">进乎道矣</span>”。同时距离打通中脉的远景，才有希望。</p><p>现在让我们看看中国道家中奇经八脉的分布路线。根据黄帝内经，难经的记述，综合整理如下：</p><p>（一）督脉：督脉分布路线共有四条：（1）起于会陰部，循脊柱向上分布，至颈后风府穴处，入脑，上行至脑巅顶，沿头额下行，达鼻柱。（2）起于少腹胞中，下抵陰器、会陰部、经尾闾骨端，斜绕臀部，入肾脏。（3）起于目内眦处，上额、头顶部、入络于脑，又分别下颈项，沿脊柱两旁下行至腰中。（4）从少腹直上，过肚脐，上连贯心脏、进入喉部、上达面颊、绕唇、抵目下中央部位（分布见图）。</p><p><img src="https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/uploads/img/220421/1650535038841532.jpg" title="1650535038841532.jpg" alt="11-10.jpg"/></p><p>（二）任脉：任脉分布路线共有二条：（1）起于少腹部脐下四寸的中极穴，沿腹、胸部正中线直上达咽喉，再上行颊部，经面部入眼部。（2）由胞中贯脊，上行于背部（分布见图）。</p><p><img src="https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/uploads/img/220421/1650535044819984.jpg" title="1650535044819984.jpg" alt="11-11.jpg"/></p><p>（三）冲脉：冲脉分布路线有五条：（1）从少腹内部浅出于耻骨外二寸的气冲穴，与足少经肾经并合上行（任脉外一寸），抵胸中后弥漫散布。（2）冲脉自胸中分散后，又向上行到鼻。（3）脉气由腹部输注于肾下，浅出气冲，沿大腿内侧进入腘窝中，经胫骨内缘，到内踝后面；达足底。（4）从胫骨内缘斜下行，到足跗上，分布于足大趾（5）由少腹的胞中；向内贯脊，循行于背部（分布见图）。</p><p><img src="https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/uploads/img/220421/1650535048398485.jpg" title="1650535048398485.jpg" alt="11-12.jpg"/></p><p>（四）带脉：带脉起于十四椎，当季胁部下面，环行横绕腰腹，约相当于系腰带的一圈（分布见图）。</p><p>（五）陽蹻脉：陽蹻脉起于足外踝下的申脉穴，沿外踝后向上，经股外侧，分布于胁肘，循行于肩膊外侧，沿颈，上抵口吻旁，达目内眦，入发际，循耳后，到达风池穴，由脑后两筋间的风府穴入脑（分布见图）。</p><p>（六）陰蹻脉：陽蹻脉起于内踝下的照海穴，循内踝，股内侧，过陰部，循行至胸前，沿喉咙入面部，抵目内眦，再上行至脑（分布见图）。</p><p><img src="https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/uploads/img/220421/1650535052223786.jpg" title="1650535052223786.jpg" alt="11-13.jpg"/></p><p>（七）陽维脉：陽维脉起于诸陽经的交会处、即起于足外踝下的金门穴，上沿股外侧，抵腰侧部，斜上肩胛处，上颈后，分布至耳后，到头额处，再循行至耳上方，到颈后风府穴（分布见图）。</p><p>（八）陰维脉：陰维脉起于诸陰经交会处，即内踝后上五寸的筑宾穴，上沿腿、股内侧，进入少腹部，上连胸部，抵咽喉两旁，与任脉会合（原文及分布见图）。</p><p><img src="https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/uploads/img/220421/1650535056582950.jpg" title="1650535056582950.jpg" alt="11-14.jpg"/></p> </div>
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